groupBy https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.groupby.html pandas.DataFrame.groupby — pandas 1.4.2 documentation Used to determine the groups for the groupby. If by is a function, it’s called on each value of the object’s index. If a dict or Series is passed, the Series or dict VALUES will be used to determine the groups (the Series’ values are first aligned; s pandas.pyd..